The Other Population Crisis

In many developed countries, population decline poses economic and social strains and may even threaten national security. Through historical-political case studies of Sweden, France, Italy, Japan, and Singapore, The Other Population Crisis explores the motivations, politics, programming, and consequences of national efforts to promote births. Steven Philip Kramer finds a significant government role in stopping declines in birth rates. Sweden’s and France’s pro-natalist programs, which have succeeded, share the characteristics of being universal, not means-tested, and based on gender equality and making it easy for women to balance work and family. The programs in Italy, Japan, and Singapore, which have failed so far, have not devoted sufficient resources consistently enough to make a difference and do not support gender equality and women’s work-family balance, Kramer finds

Instrumental Intensity Scales for Geohazards

The relationship between ground motion characteristics and geohazard-related earthquake damage was investigated for slope instability, lateral spreading, settlement, and buried pipeline damage, and the results used to develop two instrumental intensity scales. The scales are based on three velocity-related ground motion parameters that reflect the amplitude, frequency content, and duration of a ground motion. The scales provide intensity values that are strongly correlated to potential damage – one scale expresses intensity on a 0-10 scale and the other in terms of an apparent earthquake magnitude. The former is expected to be particularly useful for rapid identification of potential damaged areas using existing ShakeMap technology

Testing the Efficacy of Synthetic Vision during Non-Normal Operations as an Enabling Technology for Equivalent Visual Operations

Synthetic Vision (SV) may serve as a revolutionary crew/vehicle interface enabling technology to meet the challenges of the Next Generation Air Transportation System Equivalent Visual Operations (EVO) concept that is, the ability to achieve or even improve on the safety of Visual Flight Rules (VFR) operations, maintain the operational tempos of VFR, and potentially retain VFR procedures independent of actual weather and visibility conditions. One significant challenge lies in the definition of required equipage on the aircraft and on the airport to enable the EVO concept objective. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the presence or absence of SV, the location (head-up or head-down) of this information during an instrument approach, and the type of airport lighting information on landing minima. Another key element of the testing entailed investigating the pilot s awareness and reaction to non-normal events (i.e., failure conditions) that were unexpectedly introduced into the experiment. These non-normals are critical determinants in the underlying safety of all-weather operations. This paper presents the experimental results specific to pilot response to non-normal events using head-up and head-down synthetic vision displays

Assessing the Medical Emergency Preparedness of Dental Faculty, Residents, and Practicing Periodontists: An Exploratory Study

With the increased number of elderly and medically compromised individuals receiving dental care and the presence of systemic comorbidities and associated treatment modalities in this patient population, it is imperative that dentists be prepared to manage a variety of medical emergencies. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of and preparedness to manage common medical emergencies of cohorts of practicing periodontists, specialty residents, and faculty members, both for comparative purposes and as an aid to refining a dental school’s standardized case scenarios. The study, conducted in 2017, was designed for four groups of randomly selected participants with at least 20 in each group; the actual number of voluntary participants was 28 private practice periodontists, 22 residents in specialty programs, 21 specialist faculty members, and 24 general practice faculty members. Participants were asked to evaluate ten clinical emergency cases and identify the diagnosis and indicated intervention for each. Groups were also evaluated for differences among correct responses for each case. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences for number of correct diagnoses or interventions among the four groups. However, several cases had varying degrees of incorrect diagnoses and management across all groups. Participants who had recently graduated or were still in school were able to treat cases appropriately more often than the other participants. Further refinement of cases to assess provider preparedness to correctly diagnose and manage medical emergencies is needed, specifically establishing case-specific features and addressing areas of potential confusion before the cases are used for educational purposes

EVALUATION OF SETUP ECONOMIES IN CELLULAR MANUFACTURING

This dissertation addresses two research questions relating to the role of setups in discrete parts manufacturing. The first research topic uses a carefully designed simulation study to investigate the role of setup economies in the factory-wide conversion of functional layouts (job shops) to cellular manufacturing. The model-based literature shows a wide dispersion in the relative performance of cellular manufacturing systems as compared to the original job-shop configurations, even when the key performance measure is flow time and the assessment tool used is simulation. Using a standardized framework for comparison, we show how this dispersion can be reduced and consistent results can be obtained as to when the conversion of the job shop is advantageous. The proposed framework standardizes the parameters and operational rules to permit meaningful comparison across different manufacturing environments, while retaining differences in part mix and demand characteristics. We apply this framework to a test bed of six problems extracted from the literature and use the results to assess the effect of two key factors: setup reduction and the overall shop load (demand placed on the available capacity). We also show that the use of transfer batches constitutes an independent improvement lever for reducing flow time across all data sets. Finally, we utilize the same simulation study framework to investigate the benefits of partial transformation, where only a portion of the job shop is converted to cells to work alongside a remainder shop. The second research question examines the role of dispatching rules in the reduction of setups. We use queueing models to investigate the extent of setup reduction analytically. We single out the Alternating Priority (AP) rule since it is designed to minimize the incidence of setups for a two-class system. We investigate the extent of setup reductions by comparing AP with the First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) rule. New results are obtained analytically for the case of zero setup times and extended to the case of non-zero setup time through computational studies

Technology-Dependent Pedagogical Process Redesign: Leveraging Lean Methods

Purpose This research compared the efficacy of process outcomes leveraging lean methods versus traditional pedagogy applied to dental education dependent on emerging technology. The pedagogical objective was to improve system efficiency without compromising traditional outcomes of effectiveness (quality). Design/methodology/approach The research team tested the efficacy of a lean A3 framework to identify, remove waste and redesign a technology-dependent simulation laboratory course (CAD/CAM/IR Restorative Dentistry). Students were also sensitized to time-in-chair to introduce a stronger patient focus. Baseline data collected from a control group were statistically compared to the research group\u27s data after the course redesign. In addition, course time allocations were measured and then compared. Findings The results showed the interventions significantly reduced procedure cycle times without compromising quality. Additionally, the course was more efficiently conducted as measured by course time allocations. Practical implications This research demonstrated that the use of the A3 framework enhanced learning through process documentation, reengineering and systems optimization resolving issues of inefficiency associated with the CAD/CAM/IR pedagogy. This work is significant because it demonstrates the practice of using lean interventions to redesign and improve a technology-based healthcare course to maximize benefits. Originality/value This research is the first to examine how to leverage lean methods in a healthcare simulation laboratory, dependent on innovative technology, to educate and train future practitioners. This research applied statistical rigor in a controlled experiment to maximize its applicability and generalizability

Simon Says (Winter 2004)

Inside this issue: Library Patio NEH Preservation Assistance Grant netLibrary In Memoriam Rites of Passage Lectureshttps://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/library_newsletters/1004/thumbnail.jp

Predicting the degradation rate as a function of drug load in solid-state drug products

A model for predicting the rate of degradation as a function of drug load was recently developed (J. Pharm. Sci., 101(11), 2012, 4170‑4177). In this case study, we explore both the mathematical model as well as the conceptual construct from which the model was developed. We applied the model to a formulated product of varying drug loads. Our results not only confirm the validity of the mathematical model, but also call into question the proposed conceptual construct. We will discuss the generality of the model and how the use of this model can speed development of lower dose drug formulations typically found in pediatric dosing regimens